How do I post journal entries to the ledger correctly?

Posting means transferring each journal entry into individual ledger accounts (T-accounts). For every entry, the account that was debited in the journal gets an entry on the debit (left) side of its ledger, and the account that was credited goes on the credit (right) side of its ledger. In the particulars column you write 'To' on the debit side and 'By' on the credit side, naming the other account involved. For example, for 'Cash A/c Dr to Sales A/c', in the Cash ledger you write on the debit side 'To Sales', and in the Sales ledger on the credit side 'By Cash'. At the end you balance each account by finding the difference between the two sides, writing it as balance carried down. This balance later goes into the trial balance.